According to the reflection? According to the Records of Sun Bin, Sun Jian, the descendant of Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period, was appreciated by the court for killing pirates in his early years and was elected as an officer. After joining the army, Sun Jian put down local rebellions many times, followed the famous Zhu Pingding's Yellow Scarf Army, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. It was named Changsha County and Wucheng Hou by the Eastern Han Dynasty court. Sun Jian is a warrior, taking the lead, and his military ability is second to none in the "Alliance for Dong". Even Dong Zhuo is afraid of his three points. Since Changsha rose up and went north, he successively killed Wang Rui, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and Zhang Zi, the magistrate of Nanyang, which not only helped Yuan Shu occupy Nanyang County in the northernmost part of Jingzhou, but also brought almost the whole Jingzhou behind him into his sphere of influence. Therefore, Yuan Shu rejoiced in his heart, so he chose the above plane and recommended Sun Jian as the secretariat of Yuzhou. Sun Jian really lived up to expectations. In the unfavorable situation of other governors' wars, Dong Zhuo was driven away and all the way into Luoyang. By chance, Sun Jian got the imperial seal of the Han Dynasty. It is said that in that year, Zhang Rang and others made a riot, hijacked the son of heaven, and scattered around, and the signer threw the son of heaven in the well. Since then, Sun Jian, the rectification army, has repaired the Han tomb excavated by Dong Zhuo and led troops back to Ciluyang. Due to the egoism and disloyalty of Shandong governors to the king, the "anti-Dong alliance" quickly collapsed. With the expansion of their respective forces, there is a sharp contradiction between Yuan Shu and Liu Biao. In the second year of Chuping (19 1), Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to conquer Jingzhou and attack Liu Biao. Liu Biao sent Huang Zu to fight between Fancheng and Dengxian. Sun Jian defeated Huang Zu, pursued them, crossed the Hanshui River and surrounded Xiangyang. Liu Biao closed the door without fighting, and sent Huang Zu out of the city all night to assemble soldiers. Huang Zu returned with troops, and Sun went to war. Huang Zu failed, and fled to Xianshan, and Sun Jian pursued him. Huang Zu will shoot an arrow from behind the bamboo forest. It is a pity that Sun Jian was shot and the hero died young.
Sun Jian has five sons. Sun Ce, the eldest son, was only seventeen when Sun Jian died. He transported Sun Jian's coffin back and buried it in Qu County (now Danyang County, Jiangsu Province). After that, Sun Ce crossed the river and settled in Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and married a handsome man, waiting for his full-fledged revenge for his father. Sun Ce is cheerful, straightforward, generous, good at listening to the opinions of subordinates, good at employing people, and has a sense of humor, so he won the support of scholars and the people, who are willing to work for him. When Sun Ce was a little older, he went to Shouchun to find Yuan Shu to borrow soldiers to avenge his father. Yuan Shu knows his greatness by listening to his words and observing his manners. After many twists and turns, Yuan Shu returned more than 1,000 people from Sun Jian's former headquarters to Sun Ce. From then on, Sun Ce gradually revealed his true colors as a hero and attracted attention. Reflection? According to the biography of Sun Qiu, when Yuan Shu saw Sun Ce's young hero, he often lamented: "If Shu has a son of Sun Lang, why hate it after death!"
Yuan Shu is a capricious man, who often breaks his word, while Sun Ce bears a grudge and gradually alienates him. Later, Wei Zhuzhi of Danyang (a former captain of Sun Jian) saw that Yuan Shu's political morality was not established, and he was arrogant and extravagant, so he advised Sun Ce to take the opportunity to collect Jiangdong counties and start his own business. So, Sun Ce went to see Yuan Shu, saying that he would conquer Jiangdong, and one day he could be Yuan Shu's wing. Yuan Shu knew that Sun Ce was dissatisfied with himself and didn't want to stay, but when he thought that Lu You occupied Qu and Wang Lang occupied Huiji, Sun Ce might be powerless, so he made concessions and agreed to Sun Ce's request, indicating that the court appointed Sun Ce as a captain. Sun Ce then led his father's staff and hundreds of visitors to the east. Along the way, people kept coming to vote, and Sun Ce's team kept expanding. Zhou Yu and others also brought food and grass as funding. After that, Sun Ce led his troops to cross the river and attacked continuously, saying, "Anyone who breaks does not dare to be the front, but the military order is purged and the people are pregnant with it." After several years' efforts, the young hero finally defeated the separatist forces in Jiangdong, such as Lu You, Wang Lang and Yan Baihu, and settled the Jiangnan area. Hearing this, Cao Cao sighed, "It's hard to compare with your son!" Sun Ce's younger brother Sun Kuang was betrothed from his younger brother Coss' daughter, and his son Cao Zhang married Sun Ben's daughter in order to win over Sun Ce.
However, in April of the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Sun Ce went out hunting. During this period, he was ambushed by Xu Gong, the former magistrate of Wu County. He got an arrow in the cheek, and the pain was unbearable. Knowing that he was dying, he invited Zhang Zhao and others to let his younger brother Sun Quan be the master of Jiangdong, and then he died at the age of 26.
Commentary on the Three Kingdoms: Sun Yong is resolute, narcissistic, loyal and strong. He rebuilt the Han Tomb, which showed his loyalty, but it was very different from Dong Zhuo, Gongsun Zan and other warlords. Sun Ce is famous for his heroism. In just a few years, six counties, namely Huiji, Wu Jun, Danyang, Zhang Yu, Lujiang and Luling, have been opened, attracting a large number of outstanding talents such as Zhou Yu and Taishi Ci, laying a solid foundation for the future development of Soochow. Thus, Sun Jian and Sun Ce, the father and son, are really rare figures and heroes in the world. At the same time, they also have the same shortcomings, so that they die young and their ambitions are hard to pay. This is "relying on your own courage, go into battle lightly." Su Shi said in "On Hou": "The so-called heroes in ancient times must have extraordinary festivals, and human feelings cannot be ninja. Men are not brave enough to draw their swords when they see humiliation and stand up and fight. There are brave people in the world, but they are not surprised when faced with them, and they are not angry when they add a word for no reason. This is a big hostage, and his ambition is far away. " In other words, ambitious people really need courage and sacrifice, and this spirit of "giving one's life to forget one's death" should be used on the cutting edge, while everyday people must cherish their own lives, so as to better realize their own values. As a hero, you must pay attention to your health, especially for the monarch. Historical records? When talking about Taoist philosophy in Preface to Taishi Gong, Sima Tan said that the essence of Taoism's "the skill of directing people to the south" lies in "attaching importance to the body" and the means is "doing nothing", emphasizing that "all people are born with God, and the entrusted people are also shaped. God's great use leads to exhaustion, God's physical exertion leads to exhaustion, and God's separation of body and mind leads to death. The dead cannot be resurrected, the dead are irreversible, and saints value them. From the perspective of what is, God is the foundation of life, and form is the tool of life. What's the point of saying' I have the power to rule the world' without first determining its sacred form? " In other words, the monarch must pay attention to his own safety from the height of "concerning the rise and fall of the country and the survival of society" He is in poor health and the throne is unstable. How can he govern the world? The political turmoil in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty is an obvious example. Since the emperor in the middle period of Yong Dynasty in the Eastern Han Dynasty, most of the emperors died young, and most of their successors were in infancy, and they had no actual governance ability at all, so they could only rely on their mothers to be regents and take charge of the overall situation. In order to consolidate her ruling position, the Queen Regent spared no effort to support her father, brothers and their henchmen, thus forming what we later called "consorts". On the other hand, the emperor grew up in the deep palace, and his life was taken care of by eunuchs, so the closest person to him was eunuchs. When the emperor came of age, in order to regain his due political power and relieve the threat of his consorts, he naturally relied on eunuchs who had been partners and close ties since childhood, which was the reason for the formation of "eunuch power". In addition, the original gentry forces (that is, bureaucrats and Confucian scholars groups) became the three major power clusters that dominated the political trend in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to the short reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, with the change of the throne, the contradictions among consorts, eunuchs and gentry gradually intensified, and political struggles became more frequent and escalated, sometimes fighting against each other, which eventually led to three major upheavals, namely the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the Ten Regular Servants Uprising and the Dong Zhuo Uprising, which led to the collapse of Liu Han's regime for more than 400 years. Therefore, in a country where the monarchy is centralized, the monarch, as the core of the national political and military system, is no longer a personal matter, but the primary proposition related to the fate of the country and the rise and fall of the dynasty.
Although Sun Jian and Sun Ce's father and son are talented, they are too frivolous and impatient, lacking the monarch temperament of "forbearing and emphasizing", and they can only become a generation of famous soldiers and princes in their lives. After the baptism of wind and rain, the six counties of Dongwu had to wait quietly, waiting for the arrival of its real owner.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (AD 200), Sun Ce, the leader of Jiangdong, was assassinated before attacking Xuchang. He was seriously injured and died soon. Sun Ce summoned Zhang Zhao and others before he died and entrusted his younger brother Sun Quan to them [1]. According to the reflection of Wu Shu Zhang, "When you plan to die, you should rely on the strength of your younger brother to make a move, and Zhao led a group to come forward." Sun Ce also said to his men, "The chaos in China is strong enough to see success or failure. Wait for the public to be better to my brother! " Later, Sun Ce ordered someone to take his seal and give it to Sun Quan. That night, Sun Ce died, and Soochow entered the era of Sun Quan's rule. Having said that, some people will have such a question: Why did Sun Ce choose Sun Quan as his successor? I think there are two main reasons. First of all, it is age. Sun Ce was only twenty-six when he died, and his children were naturally very young. In the troubled times at the end of the Han Dynasty, it was obviously inappropriate to hand over the hard-won five counties in Jiangdong to a child. Since the father is dead and the son can't succeed, then we will be brothers and sisters. Sun Ce's half-brother Yi * * has three people-Sun Quan, Sun Yi and Sun Kuang. Among the three brothers, Sun Quan is the oldest, but in fact he is only seventeen. Then, Sun Ce's other two younger brothers were younger. Therefore, considering the age, Sun Quan can only be chosen as the successor. Secondly, Sun Quan was really not simple, and later history also proved this point. Even Cao Cao once lamented "having children like Sun Zhongmou". When Sun Ce handed the seal to Sun Quan, he said to Sun Quan this way: "Take the people in Jiangdong and make a decision between Chen and Chen to compete with the world. Qing is not as good as me; I'm not as good as Qing Dynasty ("The Reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu Sun Bulu's Rebellion"). In Sun Ce's eyes, although Sun Quan won't lead the troops to fight, he is a leader who can choose talents and appoint people, and he will certainly be able to keep the inheritance of his fathers and brothers, so he will be "authorized by things".
Although Sun Quan was a good successor and Soochow was also full of talents at this time, Sun Ce's death had a great influence on Sun Shi's rule in Jiangdong. Sun Quan is confronted with two very realistic problems. First, although Sun Ce occupied five counties in Jiangdong, it did not completely eliminate the potential enemies inside and outside the county, and its rule in Jiangdong was not stable. According to the biography of the reflection of Wu Shu Wu Zhu, "at that time, there were only Huiji, Wu Jun, Danyang, Zhang Yu and Luling, but the dangerous places remained behind", that is, in those places with inconvenient transportation, there were still many ethnic minorities who did not surrender to their forces, especially Shanyue [2]. For these ethnic minorities who have not yet surrendered, Sun Quan adopted the method of "soothing the town". Take appeasement measures for those who are willing to cooperate; Those who are recalcitrant will be ruthlessly and resolutely suppressed. Second, people's hearts are floating. The main reason for this situation is that Sun Quan is too young and lacks prestige, and many people refuse to accept him. There are two typical manifestations of dissatisfaction: one is to continue to follow Sun Quan, but to observe whether Sun Quan is a wise master worthy of effectiveness and to be skeptical about Sun Quan's ability; One is to choose independence or direct rebellion, that is, no longer loyal to Sun Quan. The former is easy to solve, and Sun Quan can prove his ability to those who doubt his ability with facts. For the latter, we can only send troops to crusade. If these independent or even rebellious subordinates are not severely punished, then more people will follow suit in the future, and Sun Shi's rule in Jiangdong will soon fall apart. However, according to historical records, although a small number of Sun Group did not listen to orders, it did not have much influence on the rule of Soochow, and Sun Quan quickly disposed of them. On this issue, the reflection of Wu Shu and Wu only recorded four words, "Please don't do this". As for the result of the incident, The History of the Three Kingdoms is not clearly recorded. Although it is not recorded in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, it is not difficult to guess the result, that is, Sun Quan has achieved success. In addition to these two kinds of disaffected people, there is another kind of person who also makes Jiangdong's heart float. Such people were political speculators at that time. This kind of people have nothing to do with Sun Quan, because their principle is that whoever has a future will go with him and whoever is strong will be loyal to him. According to the "Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Wu Note", at that time, "the heroes of the world, who were located in counties and stayed in hotels, intended to be safe and sound, and the monarch and the minister had no solid foundation." In other words, at that time, some people were preparing to leave Sun Quan. Considering their own future, their relationship with Sun Quan's ministers was not strong, and they were all watching what Sun Quan would do after he took over. In this case, it is very important for two people to express their views, one is Zhang Zhao and the other is Zhou Yu. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu, Wu Zhu, Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yu and others "claimed that power can be a great cause with * * *, so they entrusted their hearts to work for it." Obviously, Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu strongly support Sun Quan. With the support of Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yu and others, Sun Quan's affairs will be much easier, because these two people are too important to Dongwu and will be mentioned many times in the future. Now briefly introduce the following two people. Zhang Zhao, Zi Zibu, from Pengcheng, is now from Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Zhang Zhao was a celebrity at that time, and he had close ties with Zhao Yu and Wang Lang. After Sun Ce started his business in Jiangdong, Zhang Zhao entered Sun Ce's account. Sun Ce attached great importance to Mr. Zhang, making him his own long history, equivalent to his own staff, and served as a corps commander in the government army. "Civil and military affairs, one is the appointment of Zhao". Sun Ce and Zhang Zhao have a good personal relationship. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu and Zhang, the relationship between Sun Ce and Zhang Zhao is "as always", and there is no distinction between monarch and minister at all. Sun Ce once compared Zhang Zhao with Guan Zhong and said, "Zi is silent, I can use it. His fame is not mine!" The implication is that with Zhang Zhao, you will succeed. Therefore, Zhang Zhao was a pivotal figure in Wu Dong account at that time. It is precisely because of this that Sun Ce entrusted his younger brother and career to him. And Mr. Zhang is very grateful for Sun Ce's kindness to meet him, and will naturally try his best to assist Sun Quan. As for Zhou Yu, we mentioned him in detail in the last article. Zhou Yu first joined Sun Ce Group when he joined the army in Liyang, Sun Ce, but it was not that simple. In the process of Sun Ce sweeping across Jiangdong, Sun Ce let Zhou Yu leave his team. He said to Zhou Yu, "My current forces are enough to capture the land of Wu Hui [3] and wipe out the mountains and Vietnam. Ai Qing first returned to Danyang County. " So, Zhou Yu temporarily left Sun Ce's army and returned to Danyang to guard. In fact, Sun Ce's appointment made sense, because Zhou Yu's father, Shang Zhou, was the magistrate of Danyang at that time. However, not long after, Yuan Shu asked his cousin Yuan Yin to take over Shang Zhou. He abandoned his military post and went back to Shouchun with his nephew Zhou Yu. Yuan Shu discovered that Zhou Yu was a talented person and wanted to use him as a general. Zhou Yu felt that Yuan Shu had "accomplished nothing", so he refused this request. However, although Zhou Yu refused to be a general, he still took the initiative to ask Yuan Shu to release Ju Chao Chang, and Yuan Shu also agreed to this request. Actually, Zhou Yu didn't really want to rule his lair for Yuan Shu, but just wanted to find a chance to leave Yuan Shu. Later, Zhou Yu went directly to Wu Jun from the position of living in the nest and went to his old friend Sun Ce. Since then, Zhou Yu has never left the military camp in Sun Ce. After Zhou Yu took refuge in Sun Ce, he was immediately reused by Sun Ce. Sun Ce appointed Zhou Yu as a corps commander and gave two thousand soldiers and fifty horses. In Sun Ce's later major military operations, Zhou Yu was always with him. And in this process, Zhou Yu and Sun Ce, who were already close, also became brothers-in-law and real relatives. Among them, Sun Ce married Da Qiao and Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao. Since then, Zhou Yu has had a closer relationship with Sun's Group. After Sun Ce's death, Zhou Yu, who led the troops abroad, returned to Wujun to attend the funeral and began to assist Sun Quan. From the contents of Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu introduced above, we can easily find that their positions in the Sun Ce camp are extremely important. Therefore, with the heartfelt support and dedication of the two of them, Sun Quan quickly entered the role and his career quickly got on the right track.
Sun Quan is a monarch who knows people well and is good at his duties, which has been gradually reflected since he took over Soochow, especially for Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu. For Zhang Zhao, Sun Quan treated him like a master. For Zhou Yu, Sun Quan also trusted him very much and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility. According to the Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Zhou Yu, Zhou Yu was "in charge of state affairs with Zhang Zhao and enjoyed a long-standing reputation". In addition to Zhang and Tuesday, Sun Quan also recruited talents such as Lu Su and others in Jiangdong. Therefore, under the governance of Sun Quan and with the help of many talents, Soochow soon became a powerful political force.
Sun Quan, Zhong Mou, was born in Fuchun, Wu Jun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang). Father Sun Jian claimed to be Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a magistrate in Changsha and served as a general to defeat Lu. Brother Sun Ce, in order to defy the general, sealed the marquis of Wu.
15 years old, Sun Quan was promoted to filial piety, and Ren Yangxian (now Yixing) was appointed as a captain. In 200 AD, his brother Sun Ce was killed, and Sun Quan inherited his father's footsteps and defended Jiangdong. Cao Cao, with the strength of a general, said that he would win over Lu and lead the meeting to take the lead. In 203 and 205, he sent troops twice to appease Shanyue (Baiyue in Qin and Han Dynasties) and stabilize the situation in six counties in Jiangdong. In 208 AD, he led a great army to personally expedition to Huang Zu, won Jiangling, joined forces with Liu Bei, and won the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs. In 2 1 1 year, it moved to Moling, and the next year it was rebuilt (now Nanjing). In 2 1 1 year, Liu Bei led an army to attack Wu in order to avenge Guan Yu. On the one hand, Sun Quan took Lu Xun as the viceroy, on the other hand, he surrendered to Wei Wendi, and Cao Pi worshipped him as the king of Wu. In March of the following year, the Shu army was defeated. In 229 AD, Cao Pi died, and Sun Quan formally established the State of Wu, proclaimed himself emperor and established his capital. He died in 252 AD.
Sun Quan was an important political figure in the Three Kingdoms period and a hero with both wisdom and courage. He has owned Jiangdong for more than 50 years since his brother Sun Ce was killed. Its greatest achievement is to develop the southeast region and promote the economic prosperity and development of southeast Ding.
Like Cao Cao, Sun Quan attached great importance to agricultural production. About 78 years after Jian 'an, wasteland was reclaimed. Wu Dong has two kinds of reclamation projects: military reclamation and civil reclamation. The military establishment was adopted, and officials such as Diannong captain, Dianmin captain and Tuntian captain were set up to manage reclamation affairs. Soldiers farm and fight, while farmers only farm and are exempt from military service. In 226 AD, Sun Quan also adopted Lu Xun's suggestion, expanded the reclamation area, and reduced his own cattle from 8 to 4 for farmland. As a foot soldier, he plowed his own fields and "shared the fruits of his labor", which greatly inspired the mood of scholars.
Sun Quan also pays attention to building water conservancy projects. He dug an east canal in Jianye, five feet wide and eight feet deep, and poured Xuanwu Lake into Qinhuai River. He also dug a Pogangdu Canal in Jurong, leading to Yunyang (now Dantu, Jiangsu). These water conservancy projects not only facilitate inland navigation, but also irrigate farmland.
In order to meet the needs of the Yangtze River water war and river-sea traffic, Sun Quan also vigorously developed the shipbuilding industry. He set up officials to supervise craftsmen and criminals to build ships. Its shipbuilding technology has reached a high level, and the scale of the ship is also considerable. With the ideal river-sea traffic, in order to expand its influence, Soochow's foreign relations have also expanded. In 230 AD, Sun Quan "sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to the sea to discuss Yizhou and Bingzhou." After Wu Jun arrived in Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Island), he began to write the history of exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan Province Island. Sun Quan further consolidated his rule over Jiaozhou and actively sent people to establish friendly relations with overseas countries such as Funan (now Cambodia) and Lin Yi (now southern Vietnam). Later, he sent JIAOZHOU secretariat to Southeast Asian countries and established contact with India.
At the same time, in order to resume and develop production, Sun Quan also granted interest many times. After taking Jingzhou, he ordered his generals to "abolish Jingzhou's civil rent tax", strengthen military equipment and advocate thrift. Imperial edicts were issued in AD 226 and AD 23 1 to relax the collection of rent tax owed by farmers and stop collecting rent tax.
These measures have promoted the economic development of the southeast region, improved the comprehensive national strength of Soochow, and objectively contributed to the stability and gradual improvement of farmers' lives.
In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan moved to Moling, and Moling was rebuilt the following year. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan broke Guan Yu and occupied Jingzhou. In the first year of Huang Wu (222), Sun Quan accepted the title of Wei, and was called the King of Wu in Wuchang. After the victory of Yiling War, the possibility of developing gorge in Shu is limited. In the first year of Huanglong (229), he proclaimed himself emperor, made Wuchang his capital, and then moved to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Sun Quan's remaining difficulties, on the one hand, are to deal with the agitation of Shan Yue, and on the other hand, to resist the pressure of Cao Wei on the Three Kingdoms-Wu-Jingzhou in the Chaohu area of Huainan. Shanyue people scattered in the mountainous areas of southeast counties, blocked the separatist forces, and even formed an alliance with Cao Wei in the north, opposing the expansion of Sun Quan's forces to the southern mainland. Sun Quan and Shan Yue fought many battles and won many victories. During the decades of Sun Wu's rule, the Shanyue people generally merged with the Han people. When Sun Quan ruled, Jiangdong's economy developed remarkably. When northerners came to the south, mountains grew out of the flat land and the labor force increased. There are wasteland on both sides of the Yangtze River in the Three Kingdoms-Wu-Yangzhou, among which Piling (now Changzhou, Zhenjiang and Wuxi in Jiangsu) has the largest wasteland area. Agricultural production in Huiji County is relatively developed. The East Zhejiang Canal and the South Yangtze Canal, which were built in successive dynasties, played a shipping role in the Sun and Wu Dynasties. The section of the Jiangnan Canal from Yunyang to Jingkou (now Danyang to Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) passes through the mountains, which is inconvenient for navigation. Wu did not repair it. To the west of Yunyang, pogangdu opened, connecting Qinhuai River and Jiangnan Canal, which is a convenient waterway from the 3rd Five-Year Plan to Jianye. Silk weaving began to rise in Jiangnan, but the weaving technology was not high, and Shu brocade became an important input material. Copper and iron smelting and casting inherited the scale of the Eastern Han Dynasty and developed regularly, and celadon industry also matured on the basis of glazed pottery manufacturing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to the need of river-sea traffic, the shipbuilding industry is very prosperous, and ships often fly north to Liaodong and Nantong to countries in the South China Sea. In the second year of Huanglong (2.3 million), a fleet of 10,000 people arrived in Yizhou, which is now the province of Taiwan Province. This is the earliest record of contacts between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province. Wu's envoy and Kang Tai sailed to (southern Vietnam) and Funan (in Cambodia). Daqin merchants and envoys from Lin Yi also arrived in Jianye. The development of economy and the increase of contact with the outside world promoted the perfection of the culture of attacking the south of the Yangtze River, and a number of famous scholars and literary and historical masters emerged, such as Yu Fan, Lu Ji, Buddhism began to spread in Jiangnan. The layman Zhi Qian came from the south of Luoyang, and Kang Sanghui, a monk living in Tianzhu, later went north from his toes. They are translating classics in Jiankang, which has a great influence. Taoism continues to spread among the people in the south. Sun Wu's generals fought against Sun Shi as private soldiers, and Sun Wu gave them many times as state tenants. Heroes often owned several counties, thus gradually forming the system of hereditary leadership of generals. At the same time, there are also Gu, Lu, Zhu and Zhang in the south of the Yangtze River, who occupy a large amount of land and child servants, each with his own family style and occupy a high position in the world. They are the main pillars of Sun Wu's regime, together with the generals who inherited the legacy and led the troops. In 280, the Western Jin army invaded and Wu perished.